Justia Criminal Law Opinion Summaries

On June 7, 2021, Sharmaine Atkinson took her two minor cousins to their aunt’s house, where they encountered Keundre Parker and three others. After returning to the house later, Atkinson heard Parker exclaim, “That’s the car,” followed by gunfire. Atkinson identified Parker as one of the shooters. The gunfire resulted in the death of one minor and injuries to others. Parker was charged with capital murder and four counts of aggravated assault.The Jefferson County Circuit Court denied Parker’s motion for a directed verdict, which argued that the identification was unreliable due to darkness. The court also denied Parker’s request for jury instructions on lesser-included offenses of manslaughter, negligent homicide, and first-degree assault, finding them unsupported by the facts. The jury convicted Parker on all charges, sentencing him to life in prison plus fourteen years.The Arkansas Supreme Court reviewed the case. Parker argued that there was insufficient evidence to support his convictions and that the circuit court erred in denying his requests for lesser-included-offense instructions. The court found that Atkinson’s testimony, corroborated by other evidence, provided substantial evidence to support the convictions. The court also held that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in denying the lesser-included-offense instructions, as the evidence did not support a rational basis for those instructions.The Arkansas Supreme Court affirmed the convictions, finding no prejudicial error in the record. View "PARKER v. STATE OF ARKANSAS" on Justia Law

Devon Romick was convicted by a jury of raping MV, a five-year-old minor, and was sentenced to life in prison. The incident occurred on July 12, 2023, when MV’s mother walked in on Romick sexually assaulting her daughter. MV’s mother immediately took MV to the police, and MV was later examined by a sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE nurse), Bethany Greene. Greene conducted two physical exams of MV, finding no remarkable physical evidence of abuse, which she explained was not unusual in child sexual abuse cases.The Crawford County Circuit Court heard the case, where MV’s mother and MV testified about the sexual assaults. Greene also testified about her examinations and findings. Romick objected to Greene’s testimony, arguing that it constituted improper expert testimony without her being certified as an expert.The Supreme Court of Arkansas reviewed the case. Romick’s appeal focused on the claim that the trial court erred by allowing Greene to give expert testimony without being certified as an expert. The Supreme Court found that Romick failed to contemporaneously object to most of Greene’s statements, preserving only one statement for review. The court held that Greene’s testimony about a 2009 study was permissible lay testimony under Arkansas Rule of Evidence 701, as it was rationally based on her perception and helpful to understanding her testimony.The court also concluded that even if Greene’s testimony was considered improper expert testimony, any error in admitting it was harmless given the overwhelming evidence of Romick’s guilt, including MV’s detailed testimony and Romick’s inconsistent statements. The Supreme Court of Arkansas affirmed Romick’s conviction and sentence. View "ROMICK V. STATE OF ARKANSAS" on Justia Law

Dennis Hale was convicted of raping his step-granddaughter, a minor, starting when she was eight years old. The abuse was reported by the victim to her teachers in September 2021, leading to Hale's arrest and charge in Sevier County. Initially represented by a public defender, Hale later had LaTonya Austin appointed as his attorney due to a conflict. Hale filed multiple pro se motions expressing his desire to represent himself, which the court eventually granted after multiple hearings and warnings about the risks of self-representation. Austin was appointed as standby counsel.The Sevier County Circuit Court found Hale guilty of rape based on the victim's detailed testimony and corroborating evidence, including items found during a search of Hale's property. Hale was sentenced to life imprisonment. He appealed, arguing insufficient evidence, improper waiver of his right to counsel, and error in appointing Austin as standby counsel.The Arkansas Supreme Court reviewed the case. It held that the victim's testimony alone constituted substantial evidence to support the conviction, as corroborated by physical evidence. The court found that Hale knowingly and intelligently waived his right to counsel, having been repeatedly warned of the dangers of self-representation. The court also determined that Hale's conduct at trial did not prevent a fair and orderly exposition of the issues. Finally, the court ruled that there is no constitutional right to choose standby counsel, and Hale had agreed to Austin's appointment.The Arkansas Supreme Court affirmed Hale's conviction and life sentence, finding no reversible errors in the proceedings. View "Hale v. State" on Justia Law

Jason Meredith was charged with two counts of capital murder for the shooting deaths of Eric Ogden and Lance Kelloms. The State agreed to waive the death penalty and reduce the charges to first-degree murder in exchange for Meredith's testimony against his co-defendant. Meredith pleaded guilty and received two concurrent life sentences. In 1998, he filed a pro se Rule 37 petition alleging ineffective assistance of counsel and new evidence. He later filed motions to amend his petition, which were denied by the circuit court.The Saline County Circuit Court denied Meredith's motions to amend his petition and ultimately dismissed his Rule 37 petition. The court found that Meredith failed to act with due diligence in seeking relief and that his petition did not comply with the length and formatting requirements. Additionally, the court concluded that the files and records showed Meredith was not entitled to relief, as he failed to demonstrate that his trial counsel was ineffective.The Supreme Court of Arkansas reviewed the case and affirmed the circuit court's decision. The court held that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in denying Meredith's motions to amend his petition, as the extreme passage of time and lack of diligence were considered. The court also affirmed the dismissal of the petition based on noncompliance with formatting requirements and the merits of the petition. The court found that Meredith did not sufficiently allege prejudice from his counsel's advice regarding parole eligibility, as he did not claim he would have insisted on going to trial but for the erroneous advice. View "Meredith v. State" on Justia Law

Bryant Smith was convicted in the Jefferson County Circuit Court of two counts of capital murder, one count of attempted capital murder, five counts of first-degree unlawful discharge of a firearm from a vehicle, one count of second-degree unlawful discharge of a firearm from a vehicle, six counts of terroristic act, and one count of unauthorized use of property to facilitate a crime. These charges stemmed from the deaths of a seventeen-year-old and a twenty-year-old, and the injury of another individual on September 3, 2020. Smith received a life sentence without the possibility of parole.The Jefferson County Circuit Court admitted evidence that Smith possessed a firearm when he was arrested, despite Smith's objections. The court also admonished a witness, Asia Holman, to tell the truth after she gave inconsistent testimony. Smith's motion to strike Holman's testimony was denied. The court ruled that Smith's prior convictions mandated life sentences for the noncapital Class Y felonies. Additionally, the court gave a nonmodel jury instruction that evidence of Smith's flight could be considered as evidence of guilt.The Arkansas Supreme Court reviewed the case and affirmed the lower court's decisions. The court held that substantial evidence supported Smith's convictions, including his own confession and corroborating evidence. The court found no abuse of discretion in admitting evidence of Smith's firearm possession, as it was relevant to the context of his flight and confession. The court also ruled that the circuit court's admonition to Holman was not an improper comment on the evidence and that the court did not err in refusing to strike her testimony. The court upheld the mandatory life sentences based on Smith's criminal history and found the nonmodel jury instruction on flight to be appropriate. Finally, the court determined that there was no error in the sentencing order that required correction. View "SMITH v. STATE OF ARKANSAS" on Justia Law

Dean Meacham was convicted of three counts of raping his minor daughter, referred to as MV, and was sentenced to three concurrent life sentences. MV disclosed the abuse at age thirteen, leading to Meacham's arrest and subsequent trial. Forensic evidence, including Meacham's semen on MV's bedsheets, supported the charges. Meacham appealed his convictions on four grounds, arguing that the circuit court erred in allowing certain testimonies and denying his motion for a mistrial.The Washington County Circuit Court denied Meacham's motion in limine to exclude evidence of him videoing MV naked in the shower, finding it admissible under the pedophile exception to Rule 404(b). At trial, the court overruled objections to testimonies from Debbee Deckard, a forensic interviewer, and Jessica Faamafi, MV's mother, regarding MV's disclosure of abuse and the video evidence. The court also denied Meacham's motion for a mistrial related to MV's reference to gender-identity issues during her testimony.The Supreme Court of Arkansas reviewed the case and affirmed the circuit court's decisions. The court held that Deckard's testimony was admissible as nonhearsay to show her course of conduct during the interview. Faamafi's testimony about the video was admissible under the pedophile exception to Rule 404(b), since it demonstrated Meacham's deviate sexual interest in MV. The court found that the probative value of this evidence outweighed any potential prejudice.Regarding the motion for a mistrial, the court determined that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion or in refusing to admonish the jury. The court concluded that MV's brief and incomplete statement about her gender identity did not prejudice Meacham. Consequently, the Supreme Court of Arkansas affirmed Meacham's convictions and sentences. View "Meacham v. State" on Justia Law

Willie McDaniels was convicted by a jury of two counts of rape and sentenced to concurrent terms of 480 months’ imprisonment for each count. The Arkansas Court of Appeals affirmed his conviction on direct appeal. McDaniels subsequently sought postconviction relief under Arkansas Rule of Criminal Procedure 37.1, which was denied by the circuit court, and the denial was affirmed by the Arkansas Supreme Court.McDaniels later filed a pro se petition to correct an illegal sentence under Arkansas Code Annotated section 16-90-111, arguing that his sentences were illegal because they departed from the sentencing guidelines. The Pulaski County Circuit Court, Third Division, found that his sentences were not illegal as they were within the statutory range for a Class Y felony, which carries a sentencing range of ten to forty years or life. Consequently, the circuit court denied his petition.On appeal to the Arkansas Supreme Court, McDaniels abandoned his original argument regarding the sentencing guidelines and instead claimed that his Sixth Amendment right to a fair and impartial jury was violated due to ineffective assistance of trial counsel. He argued that his counsel was ineffective for remaining silent when the trial court ordered the jury to continue deliberations after initially returning a hung verdict on one count, being inattentive during the trial, and failing to ensure documentation supporting the sentencing departure was attached to the judgment and commitment order. However, these arguments were not raised in the lower court.The Arkansas Supreme Court affirmed the circuit court’s denial of McDaniels’s petition, noting that arguments not raised below cannot be addressed on appeal, and issues raised below but not argued on appeal are considered abandoned. View "MCDANIELS v. STATE OF ARKANSAS" on Justia Law

Billy Michael Nelson was convicted of raping a minor under fourteen years of age and, due to a prior rape conviction, received a mandatory life sentence. The case arose when a ten-year-old girl reported to her friend and subsequently to her teacher that she had "hickeys" on her chest, which led to a hospital examination and involvement of the Union County Sheriff’s Office. The victim identified Nelson, her neighbor, as the perpetrator, stating that he had sex with her while she was at his house doing homework.The Union County Circuit Court denied Nelson's motion to suppress his custodial statement, which he argued was coerced and involuntary. Nelson was Mirandized and signed a waiver before being interviewed by Sergeant Jim Sanders, who made statements suggesting he had substantial evidence, including DNA, and sought Nelson's side of the story. Nelson eventually admitted to inappropriate conduct with the victim after initially denying it.The Arkansas Supreme Court reviewed the case and upheld the lower court's decision. The court found that the officer's statements during the interrogation, although potentially misleading, were not calculated to procure an untrue statement and were intended to elicit the truth. The court also determined that the officer's comments did not constitute unambiguous promises of leniency. Considering Nelson's age, intelligence, prior criminal experience, and the context of the interrogation, the court concluded that his statement was voluntary and not coerced. The conviction and life sentence were affirmed. View "Nelson v. State" on Justia Law

Eathan Cypert was convicted of first-degree murder and sentenced to life imprisonment plus 15 years for killing his wife, Kristina. The incident occurred around 2 a.m. on July 2, 2022, when Cypert shot Kristina in the back with an AR-15 following an argument. Evidence included a trail of blood, six bullet casings, and testimony from a medical examiner and on-scene investigator. Cypert was apprehended later that night, and his clothing tested positive for gunshot residue. He was charged with first-degree murder and a firearm enhancement. During the trial, the court allowed testimony about Kristina's prior bruising and Cypert's violent behavior. The jury found Cypert guilty, and he was sentenced accordingly.The Crawford County Circuit Court entered the judgment and sentence on January 29, 2024. After the verdict, a juror informed Cypert’s counsel of potential juror misconduct during deliberations. Cypert filed a motion for a new trial based on this information, which the circuit court denied on February 27, 2024. Cypert did not amend his notice of appeal to include this denial, nor did he request the voir dire or post-trial hearing transcript in the appellate record.The Supreme Court of Arkansas reviewed the case. They concluded that they lacked jurisdiction to review the denial of Cypert’s post-trial motion for a new trial based on juror misconduct because he failed to amend his notice of appeal to cover that order. Additionally, the court held that Cypert was not entitled to a second-degree murder instruction because the record did not support that instruction. The court affirmed the conviction and sentence, finding no error in the lower court's rulings. View "Cypert v. State" on Justia Law

James Woods was convicted of one count of engaging a child in sexually explicit conduct for use in visual or print medium and one count of pandering or possessing visual or print medium of a child engaging in sexually explicit conduct. Over three months, Woods raped and sexually assaulted a minor victim, filming the acts. The State charged him with multiple counts, including rape and sexual assault. A Lawrence County jury convicted him on eight counts, sentencing him to life imprisonment plus 149 years. Woods appealed, challenging the sufficiency of evidence for one pandering and one engaging conviction, both related to a two-second video of the minor victim’s bloody vagina.The Lawrence County Circuit Court granted Woods’s directed verdict for one pandering and one engaging charge but denied it for the remaining counts. The jury convicted Woods on the remaining counts. On appeal, Woods argued that there was insufficient evidence to support the two challenged convictions.The Supreme Court of Arkansas reviewed the case, noting that a motion for a directed verdict challenges the sufficiency of the evidence. The court views evidence in the light most favorable to the State and affirms if substantial evidence supports the conviction. Substantial evidence can be direct or circumstantial. The court found that the evidence, including the minor victim’s and her mother’s testimonies, Woods’s comments, and the videos found on Woods’s phone, was sufficient to support the convictions. The court concluded that the jury could reasonably determine that Woods filmed the video and that it depicted the minor victim.The Supreme Court of Arkansas affirmed Woods’s convictions, finding substantial evidence to support them. The court also reviewed the record for prejudicial errors and found none. View "Woods v. State" on Justia Law