Justia Criminal Law Opinion Summaries

In 2017, a jury in Pope County convicted Tyler Joseph Barefield of two counts of capital murder for the premeditated killings of Aaron Brock and Beau Dewitt. Barefield was sentenced to life without parole for each count and received an additional 180-month term for using a firearm in the commission of the murders. The murders occurred after Barefield, suspecting trespassers at his salvage yard, lay in wait with a rifle and ambushed Brock and Dewitt. Their bodies were later found crushed in vehicles at the salvage yard. Barefield's convictions were affirmed on direct appeal.Barefield subsequently filed a petition for postconviction relief under Rule 37 of the Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure, alleging ineffective assistance of counsel. The Pope County Circuit Court denied the petition, adopting the State’s proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law. Barefield appealed this decision, arguing that his trial counsel’s performance was deficient and prejudicial.The Supreme Court of Arkansas reviewed the case and applied the two-step analysis from Strickland v. Washington, which requires showing that counsel’s performance was deficient and that the deficiency prejudiced the defense. The court found that Barefield’s claims were unsubstantiated and conclusory. It held that decisions regarding trial strategy, such as not consulting a ballistics expert or not seeking a mistrial for prosecutorial statements, fell within the realm of reasonable professional judgment. The court also upheld the circuit court’s decision to exclude Colonel Arthur Alphin’s testimony on the victims’ cause of death, as Alphin was not a qualified medical expert.The Supreme Court of Arkansas affirmed the Pope County Circuit Court’s denial of postconviction relief, finding no clear error in its judgment. View "BAREFIELD v. STATE OF ARKANSAS" on Justia Law

Sir Jeffery McNeil-Lewis was convicted of first-degree murder, first-degree battery, eight counts of terroristic threatening, and firearm enhancements, resulting in a life sentence plus fifteen years. The convictions stemmed from a shooting at an abandoned house in West Memphis, where McNeil-Lewis and an accomplice fired at Jarvis Moore and Stacy Abram. Moore died, and Abram survived, identifying McNeil-Lewis as a shooter. Additional evidence, including eyewitness testimony and gunshot residue, linked McNeil-Lewis to the crime.The Crittenden County Circuit Court denied McNeil-Lewis's petition for postconviction relief under Rule 37, which claimed ineffective assistance of counsel. The court found that McNeil-Lewis failed to prove both deficient performance by his counsel and resulting prejudice. Specific claims included strategic decisions not to object to 911 calls on hearsay grounds, not to pursue self-defense, and not to object during sentencing. The court also found no prejudice from the failure to suppress evidence or from juror misconduct, as no actual bias was shown. Additionally, the court ruled that a Batson challenge would have been meritless and that not calling witnesses during sentencing was a strategic decision. Lastly, the court credited defense counsel's testimony that McNeil-Lewis was informed of and rejected a plea offer.The Arkansas Supreme Court affirmed the circuit court's judgment, finding no clear error in its conclusions. The court held that McNeil-Lewis's arguments on appeal did not adequately address the circuit court's findings, particularly regarding strategic decisions and lack of prejudice. The court also upheld the circuit court's credibility determinations and strategic decisions made by defense counsel, concluding that McNeil-Lewis failed to meet the burden of proving ineffective assistance of counsel. View "MCNEIL-LEWIS v. STATE OF ARKANSAS" on Justia Law

Christopher Segerstrom was convicted of capital murder for the 1986 killing of a four-year-old and was initially sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. He was 15 years old at the time of the crime. Following the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Miller v. Alabama, which prohibits mandatory life without parole for juvenile offenders, Segerstrom's sentence was vacated and remanded for resentencing. The Washington County Circuit Court resentenced him to life with the possibility of parole after thirty years without a hearing, which was reversed by the Arkansas Supreme Court, mandating a hearing to consider mitigating factors.Upon remand, Segerstrom's fitness to proceed was contested. The circuit court initially found him unfit due to schizophrenia but later deemed him fit after a year of treatment, based on a forensic evaluation by Dr. Melissa Wright. Segerstrom's defense presented conflicting expert testimony, but the court credited Dr. Wright's findings. On the day of the resentencing hearing, Segerstrom's counsel requested a continuance, claiming he was unresponsive due to medication, which the court denied.During the resentencing, the court admitted prior testimony from Dr. Joseph Halka, who performed the autopsy, over Segerstrom's objection. The court also rejected a nonmodel jury instruction proposed by Segerstrom, which emphasized the differences between juvenile and adult offenders as per Miller. The jury ultimately sentenced Segerstrom to life imprisonment.The Arkansas Supreme Court affirmed the circuit court's decisions, holding that substantial evidence supported the finding of Segerstrom's fitness to proceed, the denial of the continuance was not an abuse of discretion, the admission of Dr. Halka's testimony was proper, and the rejection of the proposed jury instruction was appropriate given the sentencing options. View "SEGERSTROM V. STATE OF ARKANSAS" on Justia Law

Bobby Wyles was convicted of two counts of capital murder for killing Susie Fuller and Jerry Drinkwater in the presence of two children. The incident occurred on January 5, 2019, at the victims' home, where Wyles, Fuller, and Drinkwater were using drugs. An argument ensued, leading Wyles to stab Fuller and Drinkwater multiple times, resulting in their deaths. Fuller was stabbed thirty-two times, and Drinkwater twenty-eight times. Wyles claimed he was in a blacked-out state of rage due to drug use and alleged sexual assault by Drinkwater. Eyewitness testimony and DNA evidence supported the prosecution's case.The Perry County Circuit Court denied Wyles's motions for a directed verdict, and a jury found him guilty of capital murder. Wyles was sentenced to two consecutive life sentences without parole, plus two five-year sentences for the presence-of-a-child enhancements. Wyles appealed, arguing that he lacked the culpable mental state for capital or first-degree murder.The Arkansas Supreme Court reviewed the case, focusing on whether substantial evidence supported the capital murder convictions. The court noted that premeditation and deliberation could be inferred from the circumstances, such as the nature and extent of the wounds and the conduct of the accused. The court found that the evidence, including the number and nature of the stab wounds and the prolonged struggle, supported the jury's conclusion of premeditation and deliberation. The court affirmed the circuit court's denial of Wyles's directed-verdict motion and upheld the capital murder convictions. The court also reviewed the record for any prejudicial errors and found none. The Arkansas Supreme Court affirmed the convictions and sentences. View "Wyles v. State" on Justia Law

The case revolves around Corey Jeffery, who was convicted of capital murder and first-degree unlawful discharge of a firearm from a vehicle by the Arkansas County Circuit Court. The victim, Christopher Haynes, was found dead in his car at his workplace, Riceland Foods plant. The investigation led to the identification of a Dodge Ram truck, distinctive in its features, which was likely involved in the homicide. Jeffery and Jonathan Dabner were identified as suspects, with Dabner pleading guilty in a separate case to unlawful discharge of a firearm from a vehicle. Evidence against Jeffery included a .40-caliber Smith & Wesson bullet found in the truck, a receipt for the purchase of a .40-caliber handgun and ammunition, and video footage of Jeffery and Dabner at the gun store. Jeffery's wife testified about an alleged affair between her and the victim, which had caused friction in their marriage.The trial court denied Jeffery's motions for directed verdict, and the jury convicted him of capital murder and first-degree unlawful discharge of a firearm from a vehicle. He was sentenced to life imprisonment plus seventy years with an enhancement of fifteen years on each count for committing a felony with a firearm. Jeffery appealed, arguing that the circuit court erred in denying his motions for directed verdict, claiming that the State failed to present substantial evidence that he committed the offenses.The Supreme Court of Arkansas affirmed the lower court's decision. The court found substantial evidence supporting the convictions, including Jeffery's access to a .40-caliber handgun, his presence at the crime scene, and his attempt to silence a witness. The court concluded that the jury could have reached a conclusion with reasonable certainty, without resorting to speculation or conjecture, that Jeffery discharged a firearm from a vehicle, causing Haynes's death under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life. View "Jeffery v. State" on Justia Law

The case revolves around Raymond Bailey, a probationer who signed a waiver allowing law enforcement to conduct warrantless searches of his person, residence, and vehicle. In June 2020, North Little Rock Police observed Bailey engaging in suspicious activities indicative of illegal drug transactions. They discovered that Bailey was on probation and had signed a search waiver. Upon detaining Bailey, they found a key to a motel room, which they subsequently searched, finding heroin and drug paraphernalia. Bailey was charged, but he moved to suppress the evidence, arguing that the police did not have probable cause to believe that the motel room was his residence.The Pulaski County Circuit Court granted Bailey's motion to suppress, ruling that law enforcement must have probable cause to believe that the place to be searched is the probationer's residence. The court found that the police did not have probable cause to believe that the motel room was Bailey's residence, and therefore, the warrantless search violated the Fourth Amendment. The State of Arkansas appealed this decision.The Supreme Court of Arkansas disagreed with the lower court's ruling. The Supreme Court held that the correct legal standard requires law enforcement to have a reasonable suspicion, based on the totality of the circumstances, to believe the place to be searched is the probationer's residence if conducting a search under that provision. The court found that the police had a reasonable suspicion that Bailey was residing in the motel room, making the search permissible under the statute and consistent with the Fourth Amendment. Therefore, the Supreme Court reversed the decision to suppress the evidence and remanded the case back to the circuit court. View "STATE OF ARKANSAS v. BAILEY" on Justia Law

The case revolves around Maurice Richardson, who was convicted of second-degree murder, rape, and abuse of a corpse. The victim, Tonia Tran, was found suffocated to death, severely beaten, and with vaginal injuries. Evidence linked Richardson to the crime, including Tran's blood found in his bedroom and her car, her body wrapped in a bedspread matching pillow shams from his home, and a cigarette butt with his DNA near her body. Richardson had initially denied his relationship with Tran but later admitted to living with her and having sex recently. However, he denied involvement in the murder.Richardson was initially charged with first-degree murder, rape, and abuse of a corpse. He moved for a directed verdict on all charges, arguing insufficient evidence to prove he caused Tran's death, that Tran was alive during the sexual activity, or that it was done for sexual gratification. He also argued that there was no evidence he knowingly mistreated or concealed a corpse in an offensive manner. The circuit court denied the motions, and the jury convicted him of second-degree murder, rape, and abuse of a corpse. He was sentenced as a habitual offender to sixty years’ imprisonment, life imprisonment, and thirty years’ imprisonment, respectively.In the Supreme Court of Arkansas, Richardson argued that insufficient evidence supported his murder and rape convictions. The court, viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, found substantial evidence to support the convictions. The court noted that Richardson's DNA was found near Tran's body, her blood was found in his bedroom and her car, and her body was wrapped in bedding matching items from his home. The court also noted Richardson's attempts to conceal the crime, including moving a blood-stained mattress and Tran's belongings, buying new bedding, and lying about his relationship with Tran. The court affirmed the lower court's decision. View "Richardson v. State" on Justia Law

The case revolves around the appellant, Jacovan Bush, who was convicted of capital murder, aggravated residential burglary, aggravated robbery, and theft of property. The charges stemmed from an incident where men broke into Devon Howard's apartment and killed him. Bush was arrested after his blood was found at the crime scene and matched the DNA samples. Bush's defense argued that the blood stains were dry when found, suggesting they were shed before the murder. However, a crime-scene specialist testified that a specific blood sample was fresh when she arrived but had dried by the time law enforcement finished clearing the scene.Prior to the trial, Bush had moved to exclude the crime-scene specialist's testimony, arguing it was improper expert testimony. The circuit court denied this motion. During the trial, the State presented several witnesses, including the crime-scene specialist, who testified about the blood evidence. After the State rested, Bush moved for a directed verdict on all counts, which the circuit court denied. The jury found Bush guilty on all counts, and he was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole, plus an additional forty years.On appeal, Bush argued that the circuit court erred in denying his motion for a directed verdict due to insufficient evidence and in denying his motion to exclude the crime-scene specialist's testimony. The Supreme Court of Arkansas affirmed the lower court's decision, holding that there was substantial evidence to support the convictions and that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in admitting the crime-scene specialist's testimony. The court noted that the jury could have reasonably concluded that Bush was in the apartment around the time of the murder based on the DNA evidence and the testimony about the blood's condition. View "BUSH v. STATE OF ARKANSAS" on Justia Law

The appellant, Daryl Jason Scarbrough, was convicted of capital murder and aggravated robbery by the Pulaski County Circuit Court and sentenced to life imprisonment with an additional forty-year term. Scarbrough appealed the decision, arguing that the circuit court erred in granting the State's motions for continuance, denying his motion for continuance, denying his motion to suppress, allowing prejudicial remarks by the prosecutor, and admitting a map into evidence.The case revolved around the murder of David Dunn. Scarbrough was identified as a suspect and was arrested on an active parole-absconder warrant. He was found hiding in a flower bed, and his jeans, which had blood stains, were seized and sent for DNA testing. The DNA matched that of the victim and an unknown male. The State charged Scarbrough with capital murder and aggravated robbery.Scarbrough filed a motion to suppress the DNA evidence, arguing that the police had collected and examined the evidence without a search warrant. The State countered that Scarbrough was lawfully arrested on active warrants and that the clothes were seized pursuant to a search incident to arrest. The circuit court denied Scarbrough's motion to suppress the blood evidence.At trial, the prosecutor referred to Scarbrough as a "homicidal hitchhiker" during the opening statement. Scarbrough objected and moved for a mistrial, which was denied by the circuit court. The court also admitted into evidence a map made by AT&T showing the location of cell-phone pings made from the victim's phone shortly after his murder.The Supreme Court of Arkansas affirmed the circuit court's decision. It held that the circuit court did not abuse its discretion in granting the State's motions for continuance and denying Scarbrough's motion for continuance. It also found that the circuit court did not err in denying Scarbrough's motion to suppress the blood evidence, allowing the prosecutor's remarks, and admitting the map into evidence. The court reviewed the record for all errors prejudicial to Scarbrough, as required by Arkansas Supreme Court Rule 4-3(a), and found no reversible error. View "SCARBROUGH v. STATE OF ARKANSAS" on Justia Law

In 2018, John Patrick Cullen pleaded nolo contendere to second-degree sexual assault and was sentenced to seventy-two months' imprisonment. He did not appeal his conviction or sentence. In 2021 and 2022, Cullen filed petitions for writ of error coram nobis and writ of habeas corpus in the Garland County Circuit Court, alleging his innocence based on new evidence. This evidence included statements from the victim, Kathi Brinkley, which Cullen claimed contained factual errors, and an admission from a second individual, Kati Knight, that she did not witness the assault. Cullen also argued that the affidavit supporting his arrest contained fabrications by Brinkley.The Garland County Circuit Court denied Cullen's petitions, finding that he had failed to state a cause of action upon which relief could be granted and had not asserted any grounds for which he could successfully pursue these claims. Cullen appealed this decision to the Supreme Court of Arkansas.The Supreme Court of Arkansas affirmed the lower court's decision. The court found that Cullen's claim of actual innocence was not cognizable under current law and that his allegations regarding Knight's admissions had been abandoned on appeal. Therefore, the court held that the lower court did not abuse its discretion in denying Cullen's petition for writ of error coram nobis. Regarding the writ of habeas corpus, the court found that Cullen had failed to state a colorable claim under the relevant statute and had not alleged that his sentence was illegal or that the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction. Furthermore, the court concluded that the lower court did not have personal jurisdiction to issue a writ even if Cullen had stated a legitimate ground for relief, as his second habeas petition was not filed in the correct jurisdiction. View "CULLEN v. STATE OF ARKANSAS" on Justia Law