Justia Criminal Law Opinion Summaries

Theopalis Gregory, a former City of Wilmington Council President and Delaware lawyer, was convicted by jury for official misconduct. The charges stemmed from a $40,000 discretionary grant Gregory earmarked for his non-profit organization before leaving office. He personally received at least $15,000 of the grant after he left office. On appeal, Gregory argued the jury instructions were flawed because the trial judge did not define for the jury “official functions,” a necessary element of an official-misconduct conviction. He also argued that the evidence at trial was insufficient to support his conviction because he was not performing official functions when he earmarked funds for his nonprofit. The Delaware Supreme Court affirmed Gregory’s conviction: Gregory did not object to the jury instructions, and the trial judge did not plainly err when he instructed the jury using the words of the statute. Further, the Court was satisfied that the jury had more than sufficient evidence to find that Gregory was performing official functions when he earmarked the $40,000. View "Gregory v. Delaware" on Justia Law

Defendant-appellant Derek Hopkins appealed his convictions for Drug Dealing, Disregarding a Police Officer’s Signal, Conspiracy in the Third Degree, Resisting Arrest, Illegal Possession of a Controlled Substance (2 counts), Driving While Suspended or Revoked, Reckless Driving, Failure to Transfer Title and Registration, Unreasonable Speed, and Failure to Stop at a Stop Sign. He was also found “responsible” for possession of marijuana. On appeal, he argued: (1) the superior court abused its discretion by refusing to accept a plea agreement offered by the State and the defense on the morning of trial; (2) the superior court erred as a matter of law by denying his motion for judgment of acquittal as to the charge of Drug Dealing; and (3) the cumulative effect of the errors was to prejudice his substantial rights, requiring the convictions to be vacated. The Delaware Supreme Court found no merit to the defendant’s claims and affirmed his convictions. View "Hopkins v. Delaware" on Justia Law

After a two-day bench trial in 2021, a superior court judge convicted Marlon Thomas of second degree rape, third degree unlawful sexual contact, and other charges. The judge sentenced Thomas to fifty-five years in prison, suspended after twenty-five years for decreasing levels of supervision. Thomas did not testify in his defense. Thomas raised one issue on appeal: whether the superior court erred by failing to raise with Thomas his right to testify and failing to ensure that his waiver of the right to testify was voluntary, knowing and intelligent. The Delaware Supreme Court affirmed Thomas’s convictions for three reasons: (1) Thomas waived his state constitutional claim by failing to support it on appeal; (2) there was no federal constitutional requirement that the trial judge have a colloquy with the defendant before waiving his right to testify; and (2) given that the fact finder was the judge and not a jury, the trial judge handled the right to testify issue with appropriate sensitivity to avoid prejudicing Thomas’s decision whether to testify. View "Thomas v. State" on Justia Law

In September 2020, a superior court grand jury indicted defendant-appellant Eric Lloyd for Possession of a Firearm by a Person Prohibited (“PFBPP”), Possession of Ammunition by a Person Prohibited (“PABPP”), Possession of a Controlled Substance, Possession of Marijuana, and Operation of an Unregistered Motor Vehicle. Approximately one year later Lloyd moved to suppress evidence obtained during an administrative search of his living quarters. The court denied the motion. On appeal, Lloyd argued the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress, claiming the probation officer who authorized the search lacked exigent circumstances and failed to substantially comply with Department of Corrections Probation and Parole Procedure 7.19. Finding no reversible error, the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed the denial of Lloyd’s motion to suppress and his subsequent conviction and sentence. View "Lloyd v. Delaware" on Justia Law

Defendant Alvin Hines was indicted by grand jury on: (1) Possession of a Weapon with a Removed, Obliterated or Altered Serial Number (the “Serial Number Charge”), (2) Possession of a Firearm While Under the Influence (the “Drug Charge”), and (3) Discharging a Firearm on a Street. Following a two-day jury trial, the jury returned guilty verdicts on the first two counts. Hines was sentenced to three years at Level 5, suspended for one year at Level 2 for the Serial Number Charge and to one year at Level 5, suspended for one year at Level 2 for the Drug Charge. During his trial, Hines moved for judgment of acquittal on the Serial Number Charge following the State’s case-in-chief. The trial court denied Hines’ motion. Hines argued the superior court erred in denying his motion because the evidence was insufficient to show that he knew that the firearm at issue had an obliterated serial number. To this, the Delaware Supreme Court found the argument lacked merit: at least two police officers testified that someone holding that firearm would know its serial number had been removed. Therefore, the Court found sufficient evidence existed for the jury to infer that Hines knew about the obliterated serial number, and affirmed the superior court denial of his motion for judgment of acquittal. View "Hines v. Delaware" on Justia Law

Defendant-appellant Timothy McCrary appealed his convictions on four counts of Unlawful Sexual Contact in the First Degree. At the time of the commission of the offenses, defendant was an aide at Harrington Head Start Preschool (“Head Start”). The four convictions involved three of the preschool students. He raised three claims: (1) the trial court erred in admitting two, prior, out-of-court statements of one of the victims under 13 Del. C. § 3513 thereby denying him his right to confront the witnesses against him in violation of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution; (2) the trial court abused its discretion by admitting another victim’s prior, out- of-court statement under 11 Del. C. § 3507 because the State failed to lay a proper foundation for the statement’s admission; and (3) the prejudicial effect of the errors deprived him of a fair trial. Finding no reversible error, the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed defendant's convictions. View "McCrary v. Delaware" on Justia Law

At a political rally for a Delaware U.S. Senate candidate, video and photographic evidence captured defendant-appellant Michael Hastings unholstering his handgun and pointing the weapon, ready-to-fire, at protesters across the street from the rally. He also left the handgun unattended on the ground. The State charged Hastings with one count of Reckless Endangering in the First Degree and one count of Possession of a Firearm During the Commission of a Felony. A jury convicted Hastings of both counts. The judge sentenced Hastings to four years at Level V incarceration followed by decreasing levels of supervision. Hastings argued: (1) the trial court incorrectly instructed the jury on what a “substantial risk” of death is; (2) the evidence was insufficient to support a reckless endangering conviction; and (3) the cumulative effect of these errors required both convictions to be vacated. Finding no reversible error, the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed Hastings' convictions. View "Hastings v. Delaware" on Justia Law

A probation officer seized two guns—one a loaded 9mm Ruger, the other a .40 caliber Smith & Wesson—from a backpack recently carried by defendant Devin Coleman, a convicted felon and a person prohibited from possessing a firearm. The officer also seized two .40 caliber magazines—one from within the Smith & Wesson, the other loose in the backpack. It was later determined that one of the magazines bore the defendant’s fingerprint but no one knew whether the incriminating prints were on the magazine that was in the Smith & Wesson firearm or on the loose magazine. The defendant asked the trial court to instruct the jury that the officer’s failure to note, at the time of the seizure, which of the two magazines was in the weapon constitutes “missing evidence.” The trial court would not give the requested instruction and this refusal, defendant argued, constituted a due process violation warranting the reversal of his conviction for possession of a firearm by a person prohibited. The Delaware Supreme Court rejected defendant's argument, finding the evidence he claimed was "missing" at his trial was of dubious exculpatory value. "And to the extent it had any such value, Coleman has not explained how that would have been apparent to the probation officer upon his seizure of Coleman’s backpack and his discovery of the weapons and magazines in it." View "Coleman v. Delaware" on Justia Law

In 2021, appellant Javon Pollard was convicted of numerous drug-related charges. Pollard appealed, arguing that the Superior Court committed plain error by not sua sponte suppressing evidence obtained during an allegedly illegal search of his vehicle in violation of his constitutional rights under the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution and Article I, Section 6 of the Delaware Constitution. To the Delaware Supreme Court, the State urged the Supreme Court not to consider Pollard’s appeal because he failed to properly raise this argument below. The State further argued that Pollard’s challenges also failed because there was sufficient probable cause to justify the search. The Supreme Court agreed Pollard did not fairly raise the argument below. Regardless, Pollard also lost on the merits because the search did not violate either the United States or Delaware Constitutions. View "Pollard v. Delaware" on Justia Law

Appellant DeJoynay Ferguson pled guilty to one count of Murder by Abuse or Neglect in the First Degree, six counts of Child Abuse in the First Degree, and two counts of Child Abuse in the Second Degree. The plea was made pursuant to a plea agreement under which the State entered a nolle prosequi as to other remaining charges. The sentencing judge imposed a sentence of life in prison. He also sentenced her to ten years at Level V on each of the Child Abuse in the First Degree charges, suspended after two years on each. He sentenced her to probation on the two counts of Child Abuse in the Second Degree. Ferguson appealed her sentences, contending the sentencing judge sentenced her for the sole purpose of retribution; that he sentenced her with a closed mind; that he was unwilling to consider the mitigation evidence and arguments she presented; and that her sentence violated her right to due process. Finding no reversible error, the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed the Superior Court. View "Ferguson v. Delaware" on Justia Law