Justia Criminal Law Opinion Summaries

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the circuit court convicting Defendant of two counts of wanton murder, two counts of assault in the first degree and other offenses, holding that the circuit court did not err in its evidentiary rulings.After leading law enforcement officers and three law enforcement agencies on a two-county chase Defendant crashed his truck into a vehicle occupied by four teenagers. The driver and front-seat passenger died, and the other two passengers suffered significant injuries. On appeal, Defendant argued that the officers involved in the chase violated their respective agencies' policies and procedures regarding high-speed pursuits. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the trial court (1) did not abuse its discretion by excluding police pursuit policies and procedures from evidence; and (2) did not commit reversible error by allowing a deputy to be cross-examined about the reprimands in his personnel file. View "Welsh v. Commonwealth" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the trial court convicting Defendant of three counts of first-degree, second-offense, trafficking in a controlled substance and sentencing him to thirty-two years in prison, holding that the trial court did not reversibly err.On appeal, Defendant argued that the trial court committed reversible error when it inadvertently read the "second offense" portion of his indictment to the venire as jury selection began and when it admitted into evidence photos of Defendant taken at jail after his arrest. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the trial court did not err in denying Defendant's request for a mistrial and in allowing post-arrest photos of Defendant to be admitted into evidence. View "Lewis v. Commonwealth" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed Defendant's conviction of first-degree sodomy and his sentence of twenty years in prison, holding that there was no error in the proceedings below.On appeal, Defendant challenged the trial court's refusal to strike two jurors for cause during voir dire and argued that the trial court committed reversible error by allowing the Commonwealth to make an allegedly improper assertion about him during closing arguments. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding (1) the trial court's denial of Defendant's motion to strike the two jurors was not an abuse of discretion; and (2) the prosecutor's statements during closing arguments were not reversible error. View "Robinson v. Commonwealth" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the trial court denying Defendant's motion to suppress evidence of cocaine discovered after a dog sniff of the vehicle in which Defendant was a passenger, holding that the stop was extended, and that extension was not justified by reasonable, articulable suspicion.Defendant was charged with first-degree possession of cocaine. He pled not guilty and filed a motion to dismiss, claiming that he was illegally detained and that the police did not have reasonable, articulable suspicion to call the dog. The trial court determined that it was a valid stop and that the evidence should not be suppressed. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding (1) the traffic stop was extended; (2) the Commonwealth failed to establish simultaneous missions that permitted the seizure; and (3) the Commonwealth did not meet its burden of establishing reasonable, articulable suspicion. View "Commonwealth v. Clayborne" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the circuit court denying Appellant's motion for relief from his conviction, holding that the circuit court did not err.After a second trial, Defendant was convicted of two counts of complicity to murder, first-degree robbery and first-degree burglary. Defendant later brought a Ky. R. Crim. P. (RCr) 11.42, RCr 10.02, Ky. R. Civ. P. (CR) 60.02 and CR 60.03 motion for relief, arguing that the United States Supreme Court's decision in McCoy v. Louisiana, 138 S.Ct. 1500, governed his claim that his trial counsel conceded guilt against his expressed desire to maintain actual innocence of the charged crimes. The circuit court denied the motion on the grounds that it was both substantively and procedurally improper. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding (1) the circuit court correctly ruled that Epperson v. Commonwealth, No. 2017-SC-000044-MR, 2018 WL 3920226 (Ky. Aug. 16, 2018), was controlling law of the case; and (2) the circuit court correctly ruled that the motion was an impermissible successive collateral attack. View "Epperson v. Commonwealth" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the court of appeals denying Petitioners' petitions for writs of mandamus seeking dismissal of their respective criminal indictments for various felony and misdemeanor offenses, holding that Petitioners were not entitled to the writ.In their petitions, Petitioners argued that the circuit court erred in denying their motions to dismiss their indictments on the grounds that the appointment of the Fayette County Attorney as special prosecutor was invalid. The court of appeals denied the writs. On appeal, Petitioners made arguments regarding the distribution of prosecutorial duties and the ability of a county attorney to prosecute cases outside of their judicial district or circuit. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that Petitioners failed to identify any irreparable harm or injury that would result from the Fayette County Attorney's prosecution of their respective cases. View "Goble v. Mattox" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed in part and reversed in part the judgment of the trial court convicting Defendant of four counts of first-degree sexual abuse, incest, and other crimes, holding that the trial court gave duplicitous instructions to the jury in violation of Defendant's right to a unanimous jury and his freedom from the threat of double jeopardy.The Supreme Court reversed Defendant's convictions for attempted rape and sexual abuse and otherwise affirmed his convictions, holding (1) the trial court did not err in amending the indictment to include an attempted-rape charge at trial; (2) Defendant was not entitled to a directed verdict of acquittal on the attempted rape charge or the charge of attempted production of a sexual performance by a minor; (3) the trial court erred by allowing medical experts to testify that the victim had identified Defendant as the perpetrator, but reversal was not warranted; and (4) two of the jury instructions violated Defendant's right to a unanimous verdict. View "Justice v. Commonwealth" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the circuit court convicting Defendant of sodomy in the first degree, victim under twelve years old, and three counts of sexual abuse in the first degree, victim under twelve years old, holding that Defendant failed to show that he was prejudiced by any alleged error.Specifically, the Supreme Court held (1) the trial court did not err in denying Defendant's motion for a directed verdict; (2) the trial court did not err in admitting testimony regarding Defendant's actions; (3) the trial court did not err in concluding that the victim's psychotherapy records did not contain exculpatory evidence; (4) Defendant's right to a speedy trial was not violated; and (5) the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Defendant's motion for a reduced sentence. View "Smith v. Commonwealth" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed Defendant's conviction of first-degree assault and being a second-degree persistent felony offender, holding that any error in the proceedings below did not warrant reversal.Specifically, the Supreme Court held that the trial court (1) did not err by denying Defendant's motion to dismiss the indictment based on Defendant's claim of self-defense or defense of others; (2) did not err by admitting certain evidence; (3) did not abuse its discretion by denying Defendant's motion for a mistrial; and (4) did not commit palpable error by submitting to the jury documents related to Defendant's prior convictions. View "Wahl v. Commonwealth" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the court of appeals reversing the trial court's denial of Defendant's motion to suppress evidence found in a drug dog sniff search during a traffic stop of the vehicle in which Defendant was a passenger, holding that the trial court erred by denying the motion to suppress.In reversing the denial of Defendant's motion to suppress, the court of appeals concluded that the investigating officer unconstitutionally extended the duration of the traffic stop to accommodate the dog-sniff search. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the Commonwealth failed to establish that the extension of the traffic stop was supported by reasonable, articulable suspicion. View "Commonwealth v. Conner" on Justia Law