Justia Criminal Law Opinion Summaries

Appellant Lance Arrington appealed the death sentence he received after a jury convicted him of first-degree murder and for violating the Uniform Firearms Act. While appellant raised numerous claims of error to challenge the sentence, the Supreme Court found none and affirmed his conviction and sentence. View "Pennsylvania v. Arrington" on Justia Law

The Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission filed a petition for review of an order of the supervising judge of the Thirty-Third Statewide Investigating Grand Jury (Dauphin County) which denied the Commission’s motion for a protective order seeking to prohibit the Office of Attorney General from reviewing allegedly privileged or protected communications between the Commission and its counsel. Finding no reversible error, the Supreme Court affirmed the denial of the Commission's petition. View "In Re: 33rd Statewide Investigating Grand Jury" on Justia Law

The Commonwealth appealed a Superior Court order that held a trial court was required to determine whether a child victim was competent to testify prior to admitting to her out-of-court statements into evidence under the Tender Years Hearsay Act (TYHA). Upon review of the facts of this case, the Supreme Court reversed the Superior Court, holding that a determination of a child's competency under the rules of evidence is not a prerequisite to the admission of hearsay statements under TYHA. View "Pennsylvania v. Walter" on Justia Law

The issue before the Supreme Court in this case was whether the Superior Court erred in affirming the trial court's suppression of physical evidence seized incident to arrest based on an expired arrest warrant where the arresting officer reasonably believed the warrant was valid. Upon review of the particular circumstances of this case, the Supreme Court concluded the trial court was correct in suppressing the evidence in question here. Accordingly, the Court affirmed the Superior Court. View "Pennsylvania v. Johnson" on Justia Law

Appellant Imanuel Bassil Ali appealed the dismissal of his second petition for collateral relief under the Post Conviction Relief Act as untimely filed. Appellant argued he suffered from mental incompetency at relevant times during his first PCRA proceedings so as to qualify his second PCRA petition for the newly-discovered evidence exception to the PCRA time-bar. Because he failed to establish his claim by a preponderance of the evidence, the Supreme Court affirmed the dismissal. View "Pennsylvania v. Ali" on Justia Law

Appellant Patrick Stollar was convicted for the murder of an elderly Upper Saint Clair woman in 2003. Appellant received the death penalty for the murder, as well as a ten to twenty year sentence for predicate robbery and burglary charges. Appellant appealed the denial of his post-sentence motions, raising three issues for the Supreme Court's consideration. After review of those issues, the Supreme Court concluded the arguments appellant raised were without merit and affirmed his convictions and sentences. View "Pennsylvania v. Stollar" on Justia Law

Appellant Kenneth Hairston was convicted of two counts of murder and sentenced to death for each count. He failed to file a timely post-conviction motion or appeal, and thereby waived any claims of error. The Supreme Court automatically reviewed the case, evaluated the sufficiency of the evidence supporting the convictions, and the sentences appellants receive. The Supreme Court affirmed appellant's convictions and sentence. Appellant thereafter moved for reinstatement of his appellate rights nunc pro tunc. After the trial court granted appellant's motion, he raised numerous claims of error at trial relating to his convictions. Upon consideration of those claims, the Supreme Court found no reversible error and reaffirmed his convictions and death sentence. View "Pennsylvania v. Hairston" on Justia Law

In an interlocutory appeal, appellant Gordon Williams appealed the Superior Court's order reversing the trial court's determination that he had the right to present testimony of an expert witness to rebut the Commonwealth's evidence in support of its motion to allow a child victim to testify at a preliminary hearing via contemporaneous alternative method. Finding no reversible error, the Supreme Court affirmed. View "Pennsylvania v. Williams" on Justia Law

The Commonwealth appealed a Superior Court order which reversed an order denying Appellee’s petition pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA), vacated his judgment of sentence, and remanded for a new trial. Appellee, who was on parole for a robbery conviction at the time, and his brother, Dustin Spotz, got into an argument. The argument began when Dustin’s fiancee's teenage son placed a pet gerbil in front of Appellee’s face while he was watching television, resulting in Appellee yelling at the child and threatening to physically harm him. This angered Dustin, and the argument escalated into a physical confrontation, during which Dustin stabbed Appellee twice in the upper back with a butter knife, slightly wounding him. In response, Appellee threatened to kill Dustin, and he proceeded upstairs, returning with a handgun. Appellee fired eight shots at Dustin, two of which fatally struck Dustin in the chest. Appellee was charged with first degree murder, third degree murder, voluntary manslaughter, aggravated assault, recklessly endangering another person, carrying a firearm without a license, and former convict not to own a firearm. Appellee took the stand at trial, claiming self-defense and defense of others, seeking an outright acquittal of the non-firearms charges. The jury acquitted Appellee of first and third degree murder, but convicted him of voluntary manslaughter (heat of passion), aggravated assault, recklessly endangering another person, and the firearms offenses. No timely direct appeal followed. However, in early 1996, Appellee filed a timely petition for PCRA relief in which he claimed ineffective assistance of trial counsel for failing to file a timely appeal from his judgment of sentence and seeking the restoration of his direct appeal rights nunc pro tunc. Following a hearing, the PCRA court granted Appellee relief, and he later filed a timely nunc pro tunc appeal. The Commonwealth subsequently filed a petition for allowance of appeal challenging the Superior Court’s summary finding trial counsel was ineffective. Appellee filed a protective cross-petition alleging the Superior Court erred in failing to address and resolve his additional ineffective assistance of counsel claims. Upon review, the Supreme Court concluded the Superior Court erred in vacating Appellee’s judgment of sentence and awarding him a new trial due to trial counsel’s ineffectiveness. View "Pennsylvania v. Spotz" on Justia Law

Appellant Francis Lagenella, Jr. argued on appeal to the Supreme Court that the Superior Court erred in affirming the trial court's denial of his motion to suppress evidence seized by a police officer during a warrantless inventory search of his vehicle following a valid traffic stop. Upon careful consideration of the trial court record, the Supreme Court concluded there was no basis for the officer to conduct an inventory search of Appellant's vehicle, therefore that the evidence discovered during the inventory search should have been suppressed. View "Pennsylvania v. Lagenella Jr." on Justia Law