Justia Criminal Law Opinion Summaries

Defendant appealed his conviction for one count of conspiracy to defraud the IRS, four counts of client tax evasion, one count of IRS obstruction, and one count of mail fraud. The court concluded that the evidence was sufficient to support the convictions; the indictment was not constructively amended; the indictment was not duplicitous; defendant's due process right to a fair trial was not violated; the district court did not commit prejudicial error in giving a supplemental instruction about the Annual Accounting Rule; defendant's sentence was procedurally and substantively reasonable; and the court rejected defendant's claims of error as to the forfeiture order. Accordingly, the court affirmed the judgment. View "United States v. Daugerdas" on Justia Law

Plaintiffs, offenders who had been subject to post-release supervision (PRS) in violation of Earley v. Murray, filed suit against defendants for the actions they took in violation of Earley I and moved for summary judgment. The district court granted the motion and defendants appealed. The court agreed with the district court that defendants did not make an objectively reasonable effort to relieve plaintiffs of the burdens of those unlawfully imposed terms after they knew it had been ruled that the imposition violated federal law. The issue regarding the motion to deem the appeal frivolous is moot because defendants obtained a stay of further proceedings in the district court. Accordingly, the court affirmed the judgment and remanded for further proceedings. View "Betances v. Fischer" on Justia Law

Defendant was convicted of participating in a robbery conspiracy (Count One) and using and carrying firearms during and in relation to the robbery conspiracy (Count Two). The district court cited Michigan v. Long and determined after a hearing on defendant's motion to suppress evidence of the gun that the officers possessed “a reasonable belief based on ‘specific and articulable facts’ . . . that the suspect [was] dangerous and the suspect [might] gain immediate control of weapons,” entitling them to conduct the search. The court concluded that, on the record, the events identified as leading to the search of defendant's car and recovery of the gun introduced as evidence at trial are, without more, not enough to justify a full protective search of the passenger compartment of a car based on immediate danger to the officers involved or to others. Accordingly, the court reversed and remanded. View "United States v. Cunningham" on Justia Law

Defendant appealed his conviction of wire fraud, access device fraud, aggravated identity theft, and money laundering in connection with a scheme to make unauthorized credit card charges to the credit cards of customers of defendant's digital retail company. The court concluded that the district court did not err in denying defendant's motion to dismiss the Superseding Indictment for spoliation of evidence where, pursuant to Arizona v. Youngblood, there is no evidence of the government's bad faith. The court joined its sister circuits and held that wire fraud does not require convergence between the parties intended to be deceived and those whose property is sought in a fraudulent scheme. Therefore, the district court did not err in denying defendant's motion to dismiss the wire fraud counts in the Superseding Indictment for failure to plead a legally cognizable scheme. That the Superseding Indictment alleges that defendant's misrepresentations were directed at acquiring banks and others, but that the credit card holders were the intended victims of the scheme, is irrelevant. Accordingly, the court affirmed the judgment. View "United States v. Greenberg" on Justia Law

Petitioner was convicted of harassment in the second degree, an offense classified as a violation under state law, and sentenced to one year’s conditional discharge, requiring one day of community service. Before completing his sentence, petitioner filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. 2254. The district court concluded that petitioner's case did not present a live case or controversy sufficient to establish Article III standing because he fulfilled the requirements of his sentence during the pendency of the habeas proceeding. After granting a certificate of appealability, the court concluded that a sentence of conditional discharge and one day's community service, unfulfilled as of the time of filing the habeas petition, satisfies the "in custody" requirement of section 2254. The court also concluded that a presumption of continuing collateral consequences applies to petitioner's conviction, thus presenting a live case or controversy under Article III despite the expiration of his sentence. Accordingly, the court vacated and remanded. View "Nowakowski v. New York" on Justia Law

Defendant appealed the revocation of his supervised release on his 2010 conviction for conspiring to traffic in cocaine and marijuana and sentence of 24 months in prison. The court concluded that where, as here, post‐supervision charges involve conduct related to the requisite timely charge and the defendant is afforded adequate notice and opportunity to be heard, the district court is empowered to consider the related violations and to base revocation thereon. The court also concluded that defendant's sufficiency challenge fails on the merits. Therefore, the court affirmed the revocation judgment. View "United States v. Edwards" on Justia Law

Defendants Hisan Lee, Delroy Lee, Selbourne Waite, and Levar Gayle appealed from convictions on various charges of racketeering, narcotics conspiracy, Hobbs Act conspiracy, and substantive counts of Hobbs Act robbery and associated firearms and murder counts. The evidence at trial showed that Hisan Lee, his brother Delroy Lee, and their cousin Selbourne Waite were all members of a criminal organization centered around DeKalb Avenue in the northern Bronx (the “DeKalb Avenue Crew” or the “Crew”), which engaged in extensive drug dealing, violence, robberies of drug dealers, and murders. The court rejected most of defendants' challenges to their convictions in an accompanying summary order. In this opinion, the court held that, following the Supreme Court's recent decision in Taylor v. United States, the evidence offered at trial to prove the interstate commerce element of the challenged Hobbs Act robbery convictions was sufficient to support the guilty verdicts, because the evidence permitted the jury to conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that the robberies targeted suspected marijuana dealers for their drugs or the proceeds from the sale of drugs. The court also rejected defendant Gayle's due process and evidentiary challenges to his conviction on charges arising from the robbery and murder of Oneil Johnson. View "United States v. Lee" on Justia Law

Petitioner suffers from a hearing impairment that requires him to use hearing aids, but those aids were broken during petitioner's trial for murder. Although petitioner told his trial counsel that he could not hear during his trial, counsel never requested an accommodation. Petitioner filed a petition for habeas relief under 28 U.S.C. 2254, contending that he received ineffective assistance of counsel. The district court declined to address the merits, concluding that the claim was procedurally barred because petitioner could have brought it on direct appeal. The court held, however, that this falls within the limited category of exceptional cases where the “exorbitant application of a generally sound rule renders the state ground inadequate to stop consideration of a federal question.” Therefore, the district court was not precluded from reviewing the merits of petitioner's ineffective assistance of counsel claim. The court vacated the judgment and remanded for the district court to consider the claim on the merits. View "Pierotti v. Walsh" on Justia Law

Defendant Eric Stevenson is a former Member of the New York State Assembly representing a district in the Bronx. Stevenson was convicted of conspiracy to commit honest servies wire fraud, conspiracy to commit federal programs bribery and to violate the Travel Act, 18 U.S.C. 371, accepting bribes, and extortion under color of official right. On appeal, defendant challenged his 36 month sentence, the district court's order of forfeiture in the amount of $22,000, and the district court's designation of defendant's contributions to the New York State pension fund as a substitute asset for forfeiture. The court concluded that the application of sentencing enhancements under both USSG 2C1.1(a)(1) and 2C1.1(b)(3) did not constitute double counting; the court rejected Stevenson's claim of sentence disparity and concluded that the district court did not commit procedural error in its computation and application of the sentencing guidelines; the court declined to reverse the district court's forfeiture order where the calculation of the amount of forfeiture is not subject to any statutory thresholds that increase penalties and remains within the province of the sentencing court; and Article V, Section 7 of the New York State Constitution is preempted to the extent that it would prevent forfeiture of Stevenson’s contributions to or benefits from a state pension or retirement system up to $22,000, the amount ordered forfeited. Accordingly, the court affirmed the judgment. View "United States v. Stevenson" on Justia Law

Defendants Russell and Lange were found guilty of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and securities fraud (Count Two) and substantive securities fraud (Count Three). The jury also found Russell guilty of conspiracy to commit wire fraud in connection with a separate but related scheme (Count One). On appeal, the Government challenges the district court's order vacating Lange's conviction on Count Three. Both defendants challenged their convictions on several grounds. The court affirmed defendants' convictions and concluded, inter alia, that there was sufficient evidence to support the charges. The court reversed the district court's order acquitting Lange on Count Three because the district court erred by concluding that the Government was required to present evidence that Lange aided and abetted the specific acts carried out by other BSMI employees in the district of venue. The court remanded with instructions for the district court to reinstate Lange's conviction on Count Three and to resentence him accordingly. Defendants raised a number of additional arguments which the court considered and rejected. View "United States v. Lange" on Justia Law